The JMIR Serious Games journal has recently published an article in which researchers reviewed 33 studies reporting results of the use of gamification and serious games for cognitive assessment or training.
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The review identified 7 reasons that led researchers to apply gamification in the reviewed studies:
- to increase participant motivation;
- to increase usability or intuitiveness for the target age group;
- to increase long-term engagement;
- to investigate the effects of game-like tasks;
- to increase ecological validity;
- to increase suitability for the target disorder.
The studies applied gamification for cognitive assessment or training in various domains, with the most common being working memory, general executive function, attention, and inhibition. Several games are aimed at testing or training people with ADHD.
The review presented generally positive results. Overall the gamified tasks were able to successfully increase motivation while still maintaining a scientifically valid task. However, unforeseen effects on task performance were observed in some cases. This fact highlights the need to be cautious when applying gamification for cognitive assessment and training and points out the need for further research to better understand the potential effects of gamification.
The results showed that gamified assessment could be employed with the same validity as non-game-like assessment methods if well-designed and properly validated. However, there was no evidence of improved data quality when using gamified assessment methods. The review also revealed evidence that gamification may be effective in enhancing cognitive training. Nevertheless, the authors pointed out numerous methodological problems in the reviewed studies and argued for further investigation before the results can be considered definitive.
The authors end the review suggesting that gamification can play an important role in collecting high-quality scientific data in the future but argue for further research and more rigorous validation to understand the interplay between game mechanics and cognitive processes.
The study reviewed only peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, some cognitive training games available on the application stores but not supported by peer-reviewed research were deliberately excluded from the analysis.
Original publication: Lumsden J, Edwards EA, Lawrence NS, Coyle D, Munafò MR. Gamification of Cognitive Assessment and Cognitive Training: A Systematic Review of Applications and Efficacy. JMIR Serious Games 2016;4(2):e11.
